A native of McDonough, Georgia, James L. Solomon, Jr. graduated high school at 16 and attended Morris Brown College in Sumter, South Carolina for a year. He left college to serve in the United States Air Force. Solomon was stationed in Okinawa, Japan during the Korean War. After leaving the Air Force, Solomon re-enrolled at Morris College, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry. He went on to earn his master’s degree in mathematics from Atlanta University in 1960.
Solomon was a faculty member at Morris College from 1960 to 1973 and was eventually named the Vice President of Institutional Planning and Research for the college. While serving as a professor at Morris College, Solomon was one of three African Americans to desegregate the University of South Carolina on September 11, 1963. Solomon enrolled in the University of South Carolina’s graduate program in mathematics, becoming the department’s first African American student.
Solomon became the first African American to serve in several key South Carolina state government positions under three governors, as a state agency director under Governor John West, Division Director at the Commission on Higher Education under Governor Richard Riley, and as Commissioner of the Department of Social Services under Riley and Governor Carroll Campbell. Solomon was elected to the Sumter District 17 School Board, becoming the first African American elected to public office in Sumter County, South Carolina since Reconstruction.
Solomon’s significant public service earned him the Order of the Palmetto, awarded by South Carolina Governors Richard Riley and Carroll Campbell. Solomon also received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Morris College and Doctor of Laws from Columbia College. He was also elected to Richland One School Board, where he was the first African American to serve as chairman; and to Richland County Council. Solomon has served as president of the American Public Welfare Association and as Chairman of the Columbia Urban League Board. He also serves as Chairman of the Board of the South Carolina Institute on Poverty and Deprivation and the Palmetto Development Group.
In April 2019, the University of South Carolina College of Arts and Sciences and the Mathematics Department unveiled a plaque in LeConte College honoring Solomon for his many contributions.
A statue of Solomon, along with Robert Anderson and Henrie Monteith Treadwell, was unveiled at the University of South Carolina in April 2024, commemorating their successful efforts to desegregate the university.